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  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A Lukoil gas station is here in front of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A Lukoil gas station is here in front of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: An oil tanker is seen here at the ISAB / Lukoil oil terminal in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • AUGUSTA, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The Augusta refinery is seen here in Augusta, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A barista walks by the Bar La Conchiglia, a cafe frequented by workers of the ISAB / Lukiol refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The mayor of Priolo Gargallo Giuseppe "Pippo" Gianni (75) poses for a portrait in his office in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The mayor of Priolo Gargallo Giuseppe "Pippo" Gianni (75) poses for a portrait in his office in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The mayor of Priolo Gargallo Giuseppe "Pippo" Gianni (75) is seen here during an interview in his office in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The mayor of Priolo Gargallo Giuseppe "Pippo" Gianni (75) is seen here during an interview in his office in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Oil tankers are seen here at the ISAB / Lukoil oil terminal in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: An aerial view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: An aerial view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: An aerial view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: An aerial view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_Mavi...jpg
  • AUGUSTA, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The Augusta refinery is seen here in Augusta, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • AUGUSTA, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The Augusta refinery is seen here in Augusta, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A Lukoil gas station is here in front of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Davide Mauro (47), a shift worker at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, poses for a portrait on the terrace of his home in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A view of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Workers take a bus back home a the end of their shift at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A workers walks towards the parking lot at the end of his shift at the ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A Lukoil gas station is seen here next to the refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A playground is seen here in front of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery, by the town hall in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The mayor of Priolo Gargallo Giuseppe "Pippo" Gianni (75) poses for a portrait in his office in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • AUGUSTA, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Trucks are seen here getting in and out of the Sonatrach refinery in Augusta, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The entrance sign of the ISAB / Lukoil refinery is seen here in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • PRIOLO GARGALLO, SICILY,  ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: The ISAB / Lukoil refinery in Priolo Gargallo, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: A 1960s photograph of a union assembly by the industrial area and refinery of Priolo Gargallo is seen here in the CGIL union headquarters of Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Carmelo Rapisarda (55), a CGIL trade union rep, poses for a portrait in his office in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • SIRACUSA, SICILY, ITALY - 13 SEPTEMBER 2022: Carmelo Rapisarda (55), a CGIL trade union rep, poses for a portrait in his office in Siracusa, Italy on September 13th 2022.<br />
<br />
Italy has increased its imports of Russian crude despite EU efforts to end ties to Russian energy in an unintended consequence of western sanctions against the Kremlin.<br />
<br />
As a result, Italy has overtaken the Netherlands as the EU’s largest import hub for seaborne Russian crude. Two-thirds of of the Russian oil exported to Italy are destined for Augusta, a port in Sicily near the Russian-controlled ISAB refinery. The refinery, which is owned by Moscow-based company Lukoil, used to secure a variety of supplies worldwide thanks to credit lines from European banks. Although Lukoil is not under sanctions, lenders have stopped providing financing after the EU imposed sanctions on Moscow over its invasion of Ukraine, forcing the refinery to rely solely on supplies from its parent company.<br />
<br />
The effects of the embargo is destabilizing for the entire area, which employed about 30,000 people 30 years ago. The economic crisis of 2008, then the pandemid and now the war in Ukraine has made the situation just worse. Today the area employs 8,000 workers. Lukoil employs 1,000 workers and approximately 2,500 sub-contractors, whose jobs are now at risk.<br />
<br />
Because of the interconnection between Lukoil and other companies in the area, the economy of the entire industrial relies on the faith of the Russian-owned company.
    CIPG_20220913_NYT-Lukoil-Sicily_A7IV...jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: (L/R) Aldo Graziani (78), Giandomenico Abbafatt (43) and ex-mayor of Affile Diego Moriconi, 61, discuss about the collaboration with Nazis in World War II, in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_20.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: (L/R) Aldo Graziani (78), Giandomenico Abbafatt (43) and ex-mayor of Affile Diego Moriconi, 61, discuss about the collaboration with Nazis in World War II, in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_19.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. An American flag and a portrait of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson are here in Faina Ryzhikova's apartment. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, lives in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_020.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_026.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. The view of Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, from Faina Ryzhikova's apartment. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_024.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. A picture of Vladimir Ryzhikova, Faina Ryzhikova's deceased husband, hangs here in her apartment. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, lives in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_017.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_015.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_014.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_012.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_008.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_007.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_006.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_005.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, walks towards her apartment on the right, in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_004.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in front of the building where she lives, in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_002.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Exterior of the building in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY, where Faina El'man Ryzhikova lives. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, is a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_027.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_025.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_021.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, looks at pictures of her deceased husband and his grave, in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_018.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_013.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Family pictures Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, are here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. Pictures include Faina herself, and her grandchildren. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_011.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_010.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, is here in her apartment in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_009.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. The hands of Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter, who is here in front of the building where she lives, in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_003.jpg
  • 27 October, 2008. New York. Exterior of the building in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, NY, where Faina El'man Ryzhikova lives. Faina El'man Ryzhikova, 82, is a Jewish holocaust survivor and guerilla fighter. After asking for help, the Edith and Carl Marks Jewish Community House of Bensonhurst assisted her by tapping The New York Times Needieset funds for utility expenses of $50/month for 6 months, the first grant starting on October 3, 2008.<br />
<br />
Faina Ryzhikova was born in 1926 in Radoshkovichi, a little village 22 miles northwest from Minsk, Belarus. Back in 1939, this territory belonged to Poland. When the Germans occupied Radoshkovichi, in 1941, they created a ghetto, where Faina and her family lived and worked. In order to escape a planned pogrom by the Germans in 1942, Faina escaped into the forest where she later met the partisans of the brigade “Narodnie Mstiteli” (Avengers of the people), which she joined.<br />
<br />
Faina's mother and sisters were killed while trying to escape. Her father survived and joined aina in 1943. Of the 2000 people that lived in the Radoshkovichi ghetto, only 18 survived. She married Vladimir Ryzhikov in 1954 and raised two sons. Faina's husband passed away in 1991, before the family came to the United States.<br />
<br />
<br />
©2008 Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times<br />
cell. +1 646 465 2168 (USA)<br />
cell. +1 328 567 7923 (Italy)<br />
gianni@giannicipriano.com<br />
www.giannicipriano.com
    Needy_001.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster models of Renato Rizzi's "Orphan Ground" exhition are here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Rizzi says: "The four projects in section show us, beyond the concrete needs, the internal movements of invisible powers. The 118 models [of this exhibition] hang on the wall to show us how the matter is the aspiration to soul and vice versa.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0248.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The plaster cast of David Olère's visual testimony of the removal of corpses from the gas chamber, showing the gastight door with the metal protection over the peephole, is seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0149.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The full-scale plaster model of a gas hatch used in Auschwitz, is seen here in the Evidence Room exhibition at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0094.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster cast of a Zyklon B can is seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0063.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: A wreath was left on the tomb of fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani for the opening ceremony of the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_17.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Men gather in the central square of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_10.jpg
  • ANZIO, ITALY - 21 January 2014: A family photograph of British soldier Eric Fletcher Waters, father of Pink Floyd founder Roger Waters, is exposed at the Anzio Beachhead Museum in Anzio, Italy, on January 21st 2014.
    CIPG_20140121_NYT_AnzioNettuno__M3_5...jpg
  • ANZIO, ITALY - 21 January 2014: Alfredo Rinaldi, 86, poses for a portrait in the town hall of Anzio, Italy, on January 21st 2014.
    CIPG_20140121_NYT_AnzioNettuno__M3_5...jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016:  The entrance to the central pavillon of the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
The theme of the Biennale titles "Reporting from the Front", selected by 2016 director Alejandro Aravena, is an investigation into the role of architects in the battle to improve the living conditions for people all over the world. The theme aims to focus on architecture which works within the constraints presented by a lack of resources, and those designs which subvert the status quo to produce architecture for the common good - no matter how small the success.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0453.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors walk through the Evidence Room, between the "design workshop : sa" exhibit room (seen here) and Souto Moura Arquitectos exhibit room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0429.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: An animation of the Case 3 study by Forensic Architecture on the "Left-to-die boat", the deadly drift of a migrants’ boat in the Central Mediterranean, is projected here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0389.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors watch the video of Case 2 study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they generated a 3D model and triangulated the exact location of the strike.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0383.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors looks at the full-scale mock-up of a room bombed-out from a US army drone strike in Pakistan,  with strings extending from the shrapnel pock-marks in the walls back into the centre of the room to determine the point of explosion of the bomb, in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.The model proves the damage was the result of an “architectural missile”, capable of being detonated on a specific floor of a building, while the “shadows” – where there are no shrapnel marks (marked here in red) – denote the locations of the victims killed in the attack.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0370.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors look at the lightbox on the Case 2 study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they generated a 3D model and triangulated the exact location of the strike.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0352.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors look at the lightbox on the Case 2 study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they generated a 3D model and triangulated the exact location of the strike.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations. study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they ge
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0350.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The Case 3 study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, is shown here on a lightbox in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they generated a 3D model and triangulated the exact location of the strike.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0344.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The Case 3 study on Israel's 2014 attack on Rafah, Gaza, is shown here on a lightbox in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The team analysed video footage from social media of Israeli military attacks on Gaza in 2014 to prove the army was using one-tonne bombs in heavily populated residential areas, resulting in high civilian casualties. By overlaying images of bomb clouds from multiple viewpoints, they generated a 3D model and triangulated the exact location of the strike.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0343.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The full-scale mock-up of a room bombed-out from a US army drone strike in Pakistan,  with strings extending from the shrapnel pock-marks in the walls back into the centre of the room to determine the point of explosion of the bomb, is here in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The model proves the damage was the result of an “architectural missile”, capable of being detonated on a specific floor of a building, while the “shadows” – where there are no shrapnel marks (marked here in red) – denote the locations of the victims killed in the attack.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0335.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The full-scale mock-up of a room bombed-out from a US army drone strike in Pakistan,  with strings extending from the shrapnel pock-marks in the walls back into the centre of the room to determine the point of explosion of the bomb, is here in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The model proves the damage was the result of an “architectural missile”, capable of being detonated on a specific floor of a building, while the “shadows” – where there are no shrapnel marks (marked here in red) – denote the locations of the victims killed in the attack.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0329.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The full-scale mock-up of a room bombed-out from a US army drone strike in Pakistan,  with strings extending from the shrapnel pock-marks in the walls back into the centre of the room to determine the point of explosion of the bomb, is here in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016. The model proves the damage was the result of an “architectural missile”, capable of being detonated on a specific floor of a building, while the “shadows” – where there are no shrapnel marks (marked here in red) – denote the locations of the victims killed in the attack.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0315.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor looks at the writings and illustrations on the lightbox of the Case 3 study by Forensic Architecture on the "Left-to-die boat", the deadly drift of a migrants’ boat in the Central Mediterranean, presented here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0307.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors looks at the full-scale mock-up of a room bombed-out from a US army drone strike in Pakistan in the exhibition presented by Forensic Architecture at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0301.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor looks at the writings and illustrations on the lightbox of the Case 1 study by Forensic Architecture on the 2012 US drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, presented here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Forensic Architecture is a reaearch agency based in London. It engages with the production and presentation of spatial evidence in the context of human rights violations, armed conflict and political struggles. Composed of architects, artists, filmmakers, journalists, lawyers and scientists, it uses architectural analysis, models and animations to construct evidence files for international prosecutors, truth commissions, human rights investigations and UN enquiries.<br />
<br />
In its exhibition Forensic Architecture presents from four recent investigations. Undertaken at different scales, these cases extend from the micro-analysis  of a single ruin from a drone strike in Miranshah, Pakistan, to the urban analysis of the city of Rafah in Gaza under Israeli attack; the death of refugees and migrants in the Mediterrannean Sea to the environmental violence along the shifting climatic frontiers of desertification and deforestations.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0288.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster casts hang on a wall in Renato Rizzi's "Orphan Ground" exhition are here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Rizzi says: "The four projects in section show us, beyond the concrete needs, the internal movements of invisible powers. The 118 models [of this exhibition] hang on the wall to show us how the matter is the aspiration to soul and vice versa.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0276.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The plaster model of the city of Parma is here in Renato Rizzi's "Orphan Ground" exhition at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Rizzi says: "The four projects in section show us, beyond the concrete needs, the internal movements of invisible powers. The 118 models [of this exhibition] hang on the wall to show us how the matter is the aspiration to soul and vice versa.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0252.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor photographs the plaster models of Renato Rizzi's "Orphan Ground" exhition are here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Rizzi says: "The four projects in section show us, beyond the concrete needs, the internal movements of invisible powers. The 118 models [of this exhibition] hang on the wall to show us how the matter is the aspiration to soul and vice versa.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0239.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor looks at the plaster models of Renato Rizzi's "Orphan Ground" exhition are here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
Rizzi says: "The four projects in section show us, beyond the concrete needs, the internal movements of invisible powers. The 118 models [of this exhibition] hang on the wall to show us how the matter is the aspiration to soul and vice versa.
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0233.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Visitors are here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0224.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster cast of a gas mask is seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0221.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster casts of plans, memoirs, drawings and of a gas mask related to Auschwitz are seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0213.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plaster cast of the section of Crematorium 3 of Auschwitz, drawn by David Olère in 1946, is  seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0203.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The Evidence Room with plaster forensic details, including full-scale models of (L-R) a gas column, a gas hatch and a gastight door used in Auschwitz, is seen here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0185.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor photographs the palster model of a gastight doow in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0177.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The Evidence Room with plaster forensic details, including full-scale models of (L-R) a gastight door and a gas hatch used in Auschwitz, is seen here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0175.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: A visitor is here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0168.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The plaster cast of David Olère's drawing of the undressing room of Crematorium 3 of Auschwitz, is seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0163.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: Plater cast of Vrba amd Wetzler's plan of a crematorium is seen here in The Evidence Room at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0092.jpg
  • VENICE, ITALY - 4 JUNE 2016: The Evidence Room with plaster forensic details, including the full-scale model of a gas hatch (center) used in Auschwitz, is seen here at the 15th Venice Architecture Biennale in Venice, Italy, on June 4th 2016.<br />
<br />
The Evidence Room exhibition, presented by the University of Waterloo lead by Canadian scholar Robert Jan Van Pelt and, is a reconstruction of key architectural elements of Auschwitz that disproved the Holocaust denier David Irving who had sued American scholar Deborah Lipstadt and her publisher for libel.  In her 1994 book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Lipstadt counted Irving among Hitler apologists and revisionists seeking to downplay the scale of the Holocaust and the systematic murder of six million European Jews. <br />
<br />
Robert Jan van Pelt served as the expert witness in the trial, and his report became one of the sources of inspiration for the new discipline of architectural forensics, which is located at the intersection of architecture, technology, history, law and human rights.<br />
<br />
The exhibition, which force us to examine architecture used for evil – and designed by architects complicit in crimes against humanity, reconstructs some of those forensic details, including full-scale models of a gas column, a gas door, and a wall section with gas-tight hatch – all of which were shown in court to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Auschwitz was, as Van Pelt says, “a purposefully designed factory of death, equipped with large, homicidal gas chambers and massive incinerators.”
    CIPG_20160604_NYT-Evidence_M3_0056.jpg
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