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  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2441.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2429.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_543...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_540...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2523.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2515.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2512.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2502.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2478.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2473.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2466.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2455.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2454.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2425.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2418.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_545...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2487.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 26 MAY 2018: Giada Gramanzini, a 29-year-old unemployed university graduate who moved back in with her retired parents, poses for a portrait in her childhood bedroom in Naples, Italy, on May 26th 2018.<br />
<br />
Credit: Gianni Cipriano for The Wall Street Journal<br />
<br />
Slug: GENDIVIDE<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.<br />
<br />
Giada Gramanzini hasn’t found a job since deciding last year not to renew a three-month contract as a fulltime receptionist that paid her 400 euros a month, or about $2.80 an hour. She sent out about 70 resumes in the past six months in search of a job where she can put her degree in foreign languages to work.<br />
<br />
The Italian economy last year grew at its fastest rate since 2010, but the improvement hasn’t trickled down to millions of people in their 20s and 30s, leaving a yawning generation gap with their baby boomer parents.
    CIPG_20180526_WSJ_GenDivide_M3_2468.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30161.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30095.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30087.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30036.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30024.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30057.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, 2nd from right), an aspiring hair stylist, waits in line together with his mother Giovanna and other unemployed citizens, to register for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_549...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_547...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: An unemployed citizen registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_538...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: An unemployed citizen is seen here waiting in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_535...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens register to the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_533...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_531...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_524...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_521...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_520...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A janitor closes the gate of a the Eastern Naples Job Center minutes after closing time in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_517...jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30166.jpg
  • LECCE, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Stefania Pala (32), an unemployed, poses for a portrait in Lecce, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
After working in a hotel on Lake Garda, Stefania Pala moved to London where she worked in a pizzeria and lived with her partner from 2015 to 2018. When her partner received a job offer with a permanent contract in Apulia, they moved back. "We could finally ask for a loan, get married and buy a house", she said.  She has worked occasionally as a head waiter on short-term contracts during peak season in Apulia. Her last job was at a resort last summer, but has been unemployed ever since. During her last job interview for an available position as a paid intern (750 euros for 44 hours/week) in art supplies store, the potential employer asked her if she had children or if she had intention to have any. Uncertain how to respond, Stefania Pala laughed uncomfortably and replied she had two cats. She wasn't hired.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30177.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_559...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_556...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_554...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_552...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_551...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_546...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_536...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_532...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_529...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_528...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: An announcement on the gate of the Eastern Naples Job Center states that a maximum of 100 people will be served in the morning, another 50 in the afternoon and that users must self-manage a priority list, in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_527...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_524...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_523...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_523...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_522...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: The janitor of ther Eastern Naples Job Center (right) tells unemployed citizens complaining about the unclear operating hours to come back the following day, minutes after the closing time, in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018. <br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_519...jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Raffaella Loperfido (46), a union activist distributing flyers, waits for employees of the ILVA steel mill at the exit to tell them not to vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
The banner on the left says: "No health, no job? No vote".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8019.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8402.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8394.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait at the Mini Bar in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8353.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait at the Mini Bar in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8336.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait at the Mini Bar in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8330.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait at the Mini Bar in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8314.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: <br />
A banner saying: "No health, no job? No vote" is seen here at the entrance of the ILVA steel mill in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8225.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: An ILVA employee walks by and ignores Raffaella Loperfido (46), a union activist distributing flyers and telling employees not to vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
The banner on the left says: "No health, no job? No vote".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_7948.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8407.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8400.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: Luca Greco, an unemployed 30-years old living with his parents in Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent the ILVA steel mill, poses for a portrait, in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Luca Greco has worked occasionally in call centers for a minimum salary, but hasn't had a job since 2013. His 65 years-old father is unemployed  since 2003 and his mother works as a care-giver. He lives with his parents and 13 years-old brother. "I  absolutely don't see a future in Taranto or in Italy. If I leave Tamburi, I will leave the country. I see a dark, tragic future". When asked who he will vote in the upcoming Italian General Elections, Luca said: "You could still make a distinction between the political parties in the 1960's. They're all the same. The Five Stars Movement is the new thing. One could vote them to give them a chance. But I won't".<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8387.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: The office space of Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6637.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Emanuela Muolo (28)  poses for a portrait at her workplace at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6633.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Emanuela Muolo (28)  poses for a portrait at her workplace at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6585.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Emanuela Muolo (28)  poses for a portrait at her workplace at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6572.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Emanuela Muolo (28)  is seen here at work at her desk at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6555.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Emanuela Muolo (28)  poses for a portrait at her workplace at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6540.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: (R-L) Emanuela Muolo (28) and her boss Vito Genco pose for a portrait at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6519.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: (R-L) Emanuela Muolo (28) and her boss Vito Genco pose for a portrait at Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6511.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: The office space of Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6637.jpg
  • BARI, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: The office space of Consorzio Mestieri Puglia, a job center trying to find other people work, in Bari, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Emanuela was hired thanks to the Garanzia Giovani, an EU Youth Employment Initiative that has provided direct support to over 1.6 million young people across the EU. Emanuela Muolo sees the elections as pointless, though her boyfriend will vote the Five Stars Movement.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6637.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3553.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3526.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3636.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3633.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3631.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3620.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3600.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3558.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3550.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 25 October 2013: Beatrice Belli, 27, poses for a portrait in Rome, Italy, on October 25th 2013.<br />
<br />
Beatrice Belli, currently unemployed, has  recently graduated with a masters in Social Media, with a thesis about "Social TV and second screen applications for companion devices" after 3 months of research in the United States. She bet on this field because she felt that once she would return back home in Italy, she could use her experience to find a job. Instead, when she searched for jabod, the responses she got from companies was that she was too qualified, and that it was cheaper to hire only interns. She was offered internships with no salary. <br />
<br />
While looking for full-time opportunies, Beatrice works part time as a low-paid freelancer a media agency and as a waitress. "After returning to Italy I moved in with my parents, which is frustrating after you have been out of your house for some time and made a life for yourself", she says.
    CIPG_20131025_NYT_Youth__M3_3535.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: The concrete flats of Tamburi, the working-class district adjacent to the ILVA steel mill, are seen here in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8526.jpg
  • TARANTO, ITALY - 22 FEBRUARY 2018: in Taranto, Italy, on February 22nd 2018.<br />
<br />
Taranto, a  formerly lovely town on the Ionian Sea has for the last several decades been dominated by the ILVA steel mill, the largest steel plant in Europe. It was built by the government in the 1960s as a means of delivering jobs to the economically depressed south, but has been implicated for a cancer as dioxin and mercury have seeped into local groundwater, tainting the food supply, while poisoning the bay and its once-lucrative mussels.
    CIPG_20180222_NYT_Puglia_M3_8204.jpg
  • SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Simona Allegrino (34), an unempoyed mother who resigned shortly after returning from maternity leave, poses for a portrait by her family photos in her living room, in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
 Since the age of 21 years old, Simona Allegrino worked in administration services company. In 2019, she gave birth to two twins and went on maternity leave. When she came back to work, she asked for a part-time contractor any other agreement that would allow her to come back earlier home to her children. After she realised her employer didn't accept any of her requests, she resigned. She is unemployed since then.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.<br />
<br />
Faced with the  challenge of balancing home schooling and their jobs, figures so far reveal that 76 percent of the applicants for paid parental leave during the pandemic have been women. A research conducted by the Milan Bicocca University claims that 30 percent of working mums are considering leaving their jobs if distance learning were to continue this academic year.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30413.jpg
  • SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Simona Allegrino (34), an unempoyed mother who resigned shortly after returning from maternity leave, poses for a portrait by her family photos in her living room, in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
 Since the age of 21 years old, Simona Allegrino worked in administration services company. In 2019, she gave birth to two twins and went on maternity leave. When she came back to work, she asked for a part-time contractor any other agreement that would allow her to come back earlier home to her children. After she realised her employer didn't accept any of her requests, she resigned. She is unemployed since then.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.<br />
<br />
Faced with the  challenge of balancing home schooling and their jobs, figures so far reveal that 76 percent of the applicants for paid parental leave during the pandemic have been women. A research conducted by the Milan Bicocca University claims that 30 percent of working mums are considering leaving their jobs if distance learning were to continue this academic year.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30400.jpg
  • SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Simona Allegrino (34), an unempoyed mother who resigned shortly after returning from maternity leave, poses for a portrait by her family photos in her living room, in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
 Since the age of 21 years old, Simona Allegrino worked in administration services company. In 2019, she gave birth to two twins and went on maternity leave. When she came back to work, she asked for a part-time contractor any other agreement that would allow her to come back earlier home to her children. After she realised her employer didn't accept any of her requests, she resigned. She is unemployed since then.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.<br />
<br />
Faced with the  challenge of balancing home schooling and their jobs, figures so far reveal that 76 percent of the applicants for paid parental leave during the pandemic have been women. A research conducted by the Milan Bicocca University claims that 30 percent of working mums are considering leaving their jobs if distance learning were to continue this academic year.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30396.jpg
  • SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Simona Allegrino (34), an unempoyed mother who resigned shortly after returning from maternity leave, poses for a portrait by her family photos in her living room, in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
 Since the age of 21 years old, Simona Allegrino worked in administration services company. In 2019, she gave birth to two twins and went on maternity leave. When she came back to work, she asked for a part-time contractor any other agreement that would allow her to come back earlier home to her children. After she realised her employer didn't accept any of her requests, she resigned. She is unemployed since then.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.<br />
<br />
Faced with the  challenge of balancing home schooling and their jobs, figures so far reveal that 76 percent of the applicants for paid parental leave during the pandemic have been women. A research conducted by the Milan Bicocca University claims that 30 percent of working mums are considering leaving their jobs if distance learning were to continue this academic year.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30360.jpg
  • SAN PIETRO VERNOTICO, ITALY - 10 DECEMBER 2020: Simona Allegrino (34), an unempoyed mother who resigned shortly after returning from maternity leave, poses for a portrait by her family photos in her living room, in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, Italy, on December 10th 2020.<br />
<br />
 Since the age of 21 years old, Simona Allegrino worked in administration services company. In 2019, she gave birth to two twins and went on maternity leave. When she came back to work, she asked for a part-time contractor any other agreement that would allow her to come back earlier home to her children. After she realised her employer didn't accept any of her requests, she resigned. She is unemployed since then.<br />
<br />
Unlike the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic’s employment shock hit women harder than men across much of the Western world. The impact on women has been especially severe in Southern Italy, which already has Europe’s widest employment gender gap.<br />
<br />
In Italy, 51 percent of women work compared with 68 percent of men, the seventh highest women’s unemployment rate in the world despite improvements in the last decade<br />
<br />
The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 published by the World Economic Forum prior to the pandemic states that the advancement of women has regressed by nearly a century.  Italy has performed worse than most European nations in this analysis, falling six spots to seventeenth position in Europe; only Greece, Malta and Cyprus fared more poorly.<br />
<br />
The gender pay gap highlights the most critical issue. On average, non-university-educated men earn 6,000 euro more than women with a degree in Italy.<br />
<br />
Faced with the  challenge of balancing home schooling and their jobs, figures so far reveal that 76 percent of the applicants for paid parental leave during the pandemic have been women. A research conducted by the Milan Bicocca University claims that 30 percent of working mums are considering leaving their jobs if distance learning were to continue this academic year.
    CIPG_20201210_WSJ_ITWOMEN_7M30340.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Boxes of Divella products are stored or transferred to trucks for shipping in the warehouse of the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. It produces a vast range of pasta that is exported in more than 30 countries. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6484.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Fabio Divella, Chief Operator Officer at Divella SpA, poses for a portrait by a a pasta spreader machine at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6420.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Fabio Divella, Chief Operator Officer at Divella SpA, poses for a portrait by a a pasta spreader machine at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6410.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: An employee checks the penne candela (a type of pasta) after being dried, at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6253.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: An employee checks the penne candela (a type of pasta) after being dried, at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6248.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Packs of pasta are automatically transferred from the conveyer belt to boxes at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. It produces a vast range of pasta that is exported in more than 30 countries. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6210.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Spaghettis are seen here going through a stripping machine during the pasta production process at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. It produces a vast range of pasta that is exported in more than 30 countries. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6182.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Vincenzo Desario (41), a production line conductor who's been working the Divella pasta factory for the past 17 years, poses for a portrait as  spaghettis are transferred on a conveyer belt before being stacked in boxes at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. It produces a vast range of pasta that is exported in more than 30 countries. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6104.jpg
  • RUTIGLIANO, ITALY - 21 FEBRUARY 2018: Vincenzo Desario (41), a production line conductor who's been working the Divella pasta factory for the past 17 years, checks packaged spaghettis on a conveyer belt before being stacked in boxes at the Divella pasta factory in Rutigliano, Italy, on February 21st 2018.<br />
<br />
Opened in 1895, the plant just outside the regional capital of Bari is run by the grandson of the founder, Francesco Divella. It produces a vast range of pasta that is exported in more than 30 countries. Divella has exports grow substantially and is a prime example of the success of the region in recent years. Yet this has led to very few jobs, given that the plant is highly automated, with more on the way: they just bought a self-driving forklift to handle warehouse work and have already deployed robotic arms that place product into boxes. Divella is an example of how Italy's recent success is not lifting enough people to make a difference in sentiment.
    CIPG_20180221_NYT_Puglia_M3_6073.jpg
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