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  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Sante Mosetti, member of the Cultural Association Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, closes the gate of the cemetery where the fascist marsahll was buried, in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_18.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: A wreath was left on the tomb of fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani for the opening ceremony of the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_17.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: The bust of fascist Marsahll Rodolfo Graziani is in the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_13.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Newspapers of 1951 featuring fascist Marsahll Rodolfo Graziani are exposed in the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_12.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Men gather in the central square of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_10.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Fliers of faschist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani are scotched on the wall of Bar San Sebastiano in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_05.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1202.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1194.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak – not in this picture -, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says. Michael, 25, stands next to Dawit. He was on a boat with his wife and two twins and arrived in Malta on April 12. It took him 10 days to arrive. They had no food and no water. They fed their 12 mont
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1184.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Michael, a 25 years old immigrant from Ethiopia, is here with one of his 15 twins in the Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip. Michael's friend, Mubak (23 years old from Ethiopia), said  military planes and ships saw them on the second and sixth day. On the 10th day they set their boat on fire in order to get rescued. That's when the Maltese forces noticed them. A pregnant woman died on the 10th day, a few hours before the other passengers were rescued.<br />
<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0985.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Two 15 months twins, children of Michael (25 years old from Ethiopia) cry in their crib in a Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip. Michael's friend, Mubak (23 years old from Ethiopia), said  military planes and ships saw them on the second and sixth day. On the 10th day they set their boat on fire in order to get rescued. That's when the Maltese forces noticed them. A pregnant woman died on the 10th day, a few hours before the other passengers were rescued.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0982.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, and Mubarak, a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tentsinside the hangarat the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak – not in this picture -, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him) 10 days to arrive with", Dawit says. Michael, 25, stands next to Dawit. He was on a boat with his wife and two twins and arrived in Malta on April 12. It took him 10 days t
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0921.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: (L/R) Aldo Graziani (78), Giandomenico Abbafatt (43) and ex-mayor of Affile Diego Moriconi, 61, discuss about the collaboration with Nazis in World War II, in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_20.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: (L/R) Aldo Graziani (78), Giandomenico Abbafatt (43) and ex-mayor of Affile Diego Moriconi, 61, discuss about the collaboration with Nazis in World War II, in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_19.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mayor of Affile Ercole Viri, 52, stands by the mausoleum and park dedicated to fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani with engraved the words "Fatherland" and "Honor" in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_16.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mayor of Affile Ercole Viri, 52, stands by the mausoleum and park dedicated to fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani with engraved the words "Fatherland" and "Honor" in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_15.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mayor of Affile Ercole Viri, 52, stands by the bust of fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani in the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_14.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mayor of Affile Ercole Viri, 52, stands by a board and a bust of fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani in the mausoleum dedicated to him in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_11.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mariano Palombi, 98, the oldest man of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_09.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Mariano Palombi, 98, the oldest man of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_08.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Luciano Battiglieri, 52, is the owner of Bar San Sebastiano where fascist Marshall Rodolfo Graziani is remembered in exposed books and postcards in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_07.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: Luciano Battiglieri, 52, owner of Bar San Sebastiano, flips through the pages of a book on fascist Marsall Rodolfo Graziani in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_06.jpg
  • AFFILE, ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: A bottle of red wine with a portrait of Benitor Mussolini is on the sheld of Bar San Sebastiano in Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, on August 23, 2012. A mausoleum and park, dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani, has recently been opened in the Italian town of Affile. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_04.jpg
  • AFFILE (RM), ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: A man walk in the center of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, where a mausoleum and a park dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani has recently been opened. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_03.jpg
  • AFFILE (RM), ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: View of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, where a mausoleum and a park dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani has recently been opened. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_02.jpg
  • AFFILE (RM), ITALY - 23 AUGUST 2012: View of Affile, a town with a population of 1,600 80km east of Rome, where a mausoleum and a park dedicated to the memory of Fascist Field Marshall Rodolfo Graziani has recently been opened. At a cost of €127,000 to local taxpayers, the mayor Ercole Viri has expressed hope that the site will become as ‘famous and as popular as Predappio’ – the burial place of Mussolini which has become a shrine to neo-Fascists. Rodolfo Graziani was the youngest colonel in the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army), known as the "Butcher of Fezzan" and the "Butcher of Ethiopia" for the brutal military campaigns and gas attacks he led in Libya and Ethiopia under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini under which he then became Minister of Defence from 1943 to 1945.
    italy_01.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
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Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1211.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A birthday picture of Michael's twin (a 25 years old immigrant from Ethiopia) and their stuffed animal are here in a Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
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Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0988.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
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Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1309.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Idris Said Ham, a 32 years old immigrant from Eritrea. lives in a container in the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
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Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0670.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants play soccer at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
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Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1235.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
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<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1174.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1142.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1122.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants play ball and ride bikes at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1061.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants hang their clothes between the hangar and a fence at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1053.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants walk by the Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0968.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Samzen Muse, 23, with her daughter Farhiya, 14 months,  is an immigrant from Somalia that  lives in a container in the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Samzen arrived together with her three container roommates on a boat from the port of Az Zawiyah, Libya, on a boat with 520 people. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0795.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Fatima Aden, 26, is an immigrant from Somala who lives in a container with 13 other single women at the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Fatima Aden arrived in Malta on March 28th after fleeing the unrest in Libya. She left from the port of Az Zawiyah, 50 miles from tripoli. There were two boats, and 180 peple were on hers. It took them 33 hours to reach Malta. Fatima lived in Libya for one year and 9 months and worked as a chemist for 500 dinars, which were enough for her. She didn't want to leave but she was forced to. She wasn't threatened and didn't have to pay for the boats. The boats were given to the people by government officials. She's been in Malta now for 3 months and obtained subsidiary protection. She left Somali in 2006 when she was 21 and went first to Nairobi, Kenya, then South Africa. She has 2 sons living with her mother in Uganda. She's not married. Fatima lives in a container in the Hal Far Tent Village with 13 other single women: 2 Ethiopians, 2 Eritreans, 1 Nigerian, 9 Somalis. The majority of migrants living in the tent village is from Somalia. No lights, though they have electricity for a mini fridge. Fatima has a sister in Sweden. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0722.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21:  at the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0674.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Sudanese immigrant between two containers of immigrants at the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0654.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1308.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1087.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Migrants take the 113 bus from Valletta to the Open centres in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0883.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A young sub-saharan immigrant walk by the containers in the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0865.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Amina Mohammed, 30, and her daughter Sabarina, 20 months (held by Fatima Aden, 26) is an immigrant from Somalia that lives in a container in the Tent Village, an open centre in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011.Amina arrived together with her three container roommates on a boat from the port of Az Zawiyah, Libya, on a boat with 520 people. The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0771.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Groom, a 27 years old immigrant from Ethiopia that arrived from Libya three months ago, is here at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0233.jpg