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  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1309.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: An Ethiopian immigrant that arrived from Libya stays in her room at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0079.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants play soccer at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1235.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1174.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants play ball and ride bikes at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1061.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Two Maltese guards look over immigrants at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0354.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Sub-saharan immigrants that arrived from Libya watch an Italian TV channel at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0286.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Two sub-saharan immigants that arrived from Libya make braids for their friend (center) at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0217.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Three sub-saharn immigrants that arrived from Libya are here at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0121.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: The entrance of the Lyster Barracks Closed Center,  a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0065.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_559...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_543...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_540...jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1308.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1211.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1202.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him - not in this picture) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says.Dawit continues: "Life was good in Libya. We were all supporting our families. If wanted we could have left before, when everybody was leaving Libya (referring to 2008). But the price to reach Europe was
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1194.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, and Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. <br />
<br />
Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak – not in this picture -, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him) 10 days to arrive", Dawit says. Michael, 25, stands next to Dawit. He was on a boat with his wife and two twins and arrived in Malta on April 12. It took him 10 days to arrive. They had no food and no water. They fed their 12 mont
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1184.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1142.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A Shuka, a 25 years old immigrant from Somali, is here with her son by the Swiss Red Cross tents inside the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1122.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants stay outside the containers they live in at the  Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1087.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants hang their clothes between the hangar and a fence at the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_1053.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: A birthday picture of Michael's twin (a 25 years old immigrant from Ethiopia) and their stuffed animal are here in a Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0988.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Michael, a 25 years old immigrant from Ethiopia, is here with one of his 15 twins in the Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip. Michael's friend, Mubak (23 years old from Ethiopia), said  military planes and ships saw them on the second and sixth day. On the 10th day they set their boat on fire in order to get rescued. That's when the Maltese forces noticed them. A pregnant woman died on the 10th day, a few hours before the other passengers were rescued.<br />
<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0985.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Two 15 months twins, children of Michael (25 years old from Ethiopia) cry in their crib in a Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip. Michael's friend, Mubak (23 years old from Ethiopia), said  military planes and ships saw them on the second and sixth day. On the 10th day they set their boat on fire in order to get rescued. That's when the Maltese forces noticed them. A pregnant woman died on the 10th day, a few hours before the other passengers were rescued.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0982.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Immigrants walk by the Swiss Red Cross tent in the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Michael and his wife left Libya on a boat that got lost in sea for 10 days, with no food nor water. They fed their twins with toothpaste and sea water for the entire trip.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which includes Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space, and external containers. The conditions are very poor and the has inflamable oil on the floor.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0968.jpg
  • LUQA, MALTA - JUNE 21: A station of the Vessel Traffic Management Information System, which manages the the vessel traffic in Maltese waters, is here at the Rescue Coordination Center in the Armed Forces of Malta base in Luqa on June 21, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0642.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0355.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Sub-saharan immigrants that arrived from Libya are here at the  Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0308.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Sub-saharan immigrants that arrived from Libya are here in a room with catholic icons at the  Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0299.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Two sub-saharan immigrants that arrived from Libya are behind bars here at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0268.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Groom, a 27 years old immigrant from Ethiopia that arrived from Libya three months ago, is here at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0233.jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 20: Sub-saharan immigrants that arrived from Libya play checkers on self-made boards and plastic caps at the Lyster Barracks Closed Center, a detention center for immigrants in Hal Far (which translates as Rats' town), Malta, on June 20, 2011. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities: the Lyster Barracks Closed Centre, the Safi Closed Centre, and the Ta’kandja Closed Centre. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.
    CIPG_20110620_NYT_MALTA__MG_0173.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_556...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, center), an aspiring hair stylist accompanied by his mother Giovanna, registers for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_554...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Lucia Messina (58, center), an unemployed citizen,  registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center, accompanied by his mother, in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
"I want to sign-up because I'm looking for a job, but also for the "citizens' wage"", she said.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_545...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens register to the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_533...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_520...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: Old yellow sodium street lights, that have not been yet subsituted by white LED lights, illuminate the Parione neighborhood near Piazza Navona in the historical center of Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_646...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: A man photographs the Colosseum by a white light LED lamppost (center, foreground), while the background is lit by yellow light sodium lampposts (background, left) in Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_635...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: A white light LED lamppost (center, foreground) and yellow light sodium lampposts (background, left) are seen here by the Colosseum in Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_634...jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Dawit (right), a 35 years immigrant old from Ethiopia, Michael (center), a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, and Mubarak, a 25 years old immigrant from Eritrea, are here by the Swiss Red Cross tentsinside the hangarat the Hangar Open Center in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011. Dawit was a language teacher in Tripoli and lived well, with no problems until the crisis started. He arrived in Malta on March 29th on a boat with 80 people after crossing the sea for 34 hours. "Once the UN resolution against Libya was signed there were State TV announcements (also in English) that announced that migrants were free to leave the country. It wasn't possible before that date because of the agreement between Italy and Libya". No police or army forced them to leave, but there was some kind of general pressure to get sub-saharan migrants out of the country and to have them leave by boat. In Dawit's case, his landlord told him he had one day to leave his apartment. "Buses in Tripoli were collecting people and deporting them", Dawit says. They couldn’t go towards Tunisia or Egypt, only towards to the coast. Other sub-Saharans were able to flee to Tunisia, but there aren't any Ethiopian embassies in Libya, so Ethiopians in Libya don't have any documents that allowed them to stay in the country or officially cross borders. Once they arrived at the port they didn't pay any fixed fee but all they had was confiscated, including food and water. A boat was given to them and they left. "People had bought food and water for their journey, but everything was confisfacted. I was lucky, because it took me only 34 hours to arrive in Malta, but it took these guys (indicating Michael, 25, and Mubarak – not in this picture -, 23, both from Ethiopia, standing next to him) 10 days to arrive with", Dawit says. Michael, 25, stands next to Dawit. He was on a boat with his wife and two twins and arrived in Malta on April 12. It took him 10 days t
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0921.jpg
  • LUQA, MALTA - JUNE 21:  Vessels navigating in the Maltese waters (orange oval) are shown on the monitor of the Vessel Traffic Management Information System at the Rescue Coordination Center in the Armed Forces of Malta base in Luqa on June 21, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0626.jpg
  • LUQA, MALTA - JUNE 21: Operators check information on vessels in Maltese territorial and SAR (Search and Rescue) waters on the monitors of the Vessel Traffic Management Information System at the Rescue Coordination Center in the Armed Forces of Malta base in Luqa on June 21, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0622.jpg
  • LUQA, MALTA - JUNE 21: an operator checks information on vessels in Maltese territorial and SAR (Search and Rescue) waters on the monitors of the Vessel Traffic Management Information System at the Rescue Coordination Center in the Armed Forces of Malta base in Luqa on June 21, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0612.jpg
  • LUQA, MALTA - JUNE 21:  Vessels navigating in the Mediterrean Sea and  Maltese  SAR (Search and Rescue)waters (purple trapezoid) are shown on the monitor of the Vessel Traffic Management Information System at the Rescue Coordination Center in the Armed Forces of Malta base in Luqa on June 21, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0599.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_551...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Giuseppe Ruggiero (17 years old, 2nd from right), an aspiring hair stylist, waits in line together with his mother Giovanna and other unemployed citizens, to register for the first time at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_549...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_547...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_546...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: An unemployed citizen registers to the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_538...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_536...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: An unemployed citizen is seen here waiting in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_535...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_531...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_528...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_524...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_524...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_523...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A view of the waiting room of the Eastern Naples Job Center after its closing time,  in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_523...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_522...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: Gennaro Ferrillo, Head of the Eastern Naples Job Center, is seen here at work in his office in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_521...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: The janitor of ther Eastern Naples Job Center (right) tells unemployed citizens complaining about the unclear operating hours to come back the following day, minutes after the closing time, in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018. <br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_519...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: A janitor closes the gate of a the Eastern Naples Job Center minutes after closing time in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_517...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: Old yellow sodium street lights, that have not been yet subsituted by white LED lights, illuminate the Parione neighborhood near Campo de' Fiori in the historical center of Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_647...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: Old yellow sodium street lights, that have not been yet subsituted by white LED lights, illuminate the Parione neighborhood near Campo de' Fiori in the historical center of Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_647...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 20 MARCH 2017: Old yellow sodium street lights, that have not been yet subsituted by white LED lights, illuminate the Parione neighborhood near Campo de' Fiori in the historical center of Rome, Italy, on March 20th 2017.<br />
<br />
Rome is undergoing a city-wide plan to change its public illumination from the current yellow sodium street lights CK to white LED lamps. In making the change, Rome joins a long line of cities around the world that have switched to the cheaper, and more environmentally friendly LED lighting, and it is not the first city where that change has come at the price of protest.<br />
<br />
Since July, some 100,000 led lights have already been installed, just over half the number that will be substituted in the 53 million euro changeover that is expected to save the city millions of euros in electrical bills. But when Rome’s municipal electrical utility ACEA began to substitute the lamps in Rome’s historic center, residents began to take note.
    CIPG_20170320_NYT_RomeLights__M3_646...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: The San Gregorio al Celio church complex which partly hosts the accommodation center ran by the the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, is seen here in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A seminarist and volunteer opens the door of the accommodation center ran by the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • Malta - 21 August, 2012: Aerial view of the Hal Far Tent Village (center) and of the Hangar Site (bottom left) with respectively 100 and 34 containers where migrants live, in Hal Far, Malta,  on 21 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The open centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120821_NYT_Malta__MG_7868.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 21 August, 2012:  A hand drawn heart stating "Love is life" appears in one of the 34 containers where migrants live, at the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 21 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120821_NYT_Malta__MG_7611.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  Ethiopian migrants stay outside because of the excessive heat of the containers they live in at the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7561.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  Two Ghanaian brothers stand in the container they live in and that they share with other 8 Sub-Saharan migrants in the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7531.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  Somali migrant Daher Abdi Ali, 28, stands in fron of his bed in the container he lives in and that he shares with other 9 migrants in the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7390.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  A Sub-Saharan migrant ridese his bike between the containers of the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7337.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  Two Sub-Saharan migrants enter the Hal Far Hangar Site open centre after buying some vegetables in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7321.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  A migrant stands outside the container he lives in at the Hangar Open Centre, in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012. <br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7217.jpg
  • PALERMO, ITALY - 16 JANUARY 2019: Alessandra Sciurba (39, center) and Rosa Guida (center-right), activists working for CLEDU - Legal Clinic for Human Rights of the University of Palermo, give advice to Bangaldeshi migrants in Palermo, Italy, on January 16th 2019. In Italy, legal clinics are an initiative in jurisprudence universities to allow students to practice law while by  offering a free legal counseling service promoting social justice, including working with migrants.<br />
<br />
The historic market Ballarò of Palermo, in the neighbourhood known as Albergheria, is the oldest and biggest among the markets of the city.<br />
For about half a century, after World War II, Ballarò was increasingly depopulated as families moved to airier suburbs. Today there are over 14 ethnicities in Ballarò and more than 25 languages spoken: migrant communities, students, professionals, historic merchants and new entrepreneurs coexist.
    CIPG_20190116_NYT_Palermo_M3_8134-BW.jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_552...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_532...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 9 NOVEMBER 2018: Unemployed citizens are seen here in line waiting to be served at the Eastern Naples Job Center in Naples, Italy, on November 9th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181109_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_529...jpg
  • NAPLES, ITALY - 8 NOVEMBER 2018: An announcement on the gate of the Eastern Naples Job Center states that a maximum of 100 people will be served in the morning, another 50 in the afternoon and that users must self-manage a priority list, in Naples, Italy, on November 8th 2018.<br />
<br />
Italy’s 550 state-run job centers will be in charge of verifying that recipients of the “citizens’ wage”, a welfare policy championed by the governing 5-Star Movement designed to lift 5 million Italian out of poverty, meet an important eligibility criteria: that they are actively looking for a job.<br />
But Italians widely regard the centers as being blighted by obsolete technology and insufficient and under-qualified staff. The new populist government plans to spend 1 billion euros to modernize the centers — 10 percent of the total cost of the new policy in its first year in 2019. <br />
<br />
The “citizens’ wage” will cost 10 billion euros next year, the most expensive item in a big-spending budget which itself has raised concerns in the European Union that Italy could be sowing the seeds of a financial crisis.
    CIPG_20181108_NYT-ItalyBudget_M3_527...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A sister of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, throws flowers at a statue of the Holy Mary, by the accommodation center ran by the Missionaries of Charity at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, bring food at the accommodation center they run at San Gregorio al Celio, which hosts homeless men, in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A sister of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, carries a basket of carots for the accommodation center ran by the Missionaries of Charity at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, bring food at the accommodation center they run at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A homeless man hosted at the accommodation center ran the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, walks along the alley at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A homeless man hosted at the accommodation center ran the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, is here by the entrance at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A sister steps inside the accommodation center ran by the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A welcome sign is seen here by the entrance of the accommodation center ran the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: The dining area of the accommodation center ran the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • HAL FAR, MALTA - JUNE 21: Migrants take the 113 bus from Valletta to the Open centres in Hal Far (which translates as "Rat's Town") on June 21, 2011.<br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110621_NYT_MALTA__MG_0883.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 21 August, 2012:  The interior of a container of the Hal Far Hangar Site where migrants live, in Hal Far, Malta on 21 August, 2012. Each one of the 34 containers can host up to 10 migrants. The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120821_NYT_Malta__MG_7617.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012:  Two Ghanaian brothers stand in the container they live in and that they share with other 8 Sub-Saharan migrants in the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7527.jpg
  • Hal Far, Malta - 20 August, 2012: A Ghanaian migrant stands outside the container he lives with other 9 Sub-Saharn migrants, including his 16 years old brother, in the Hal Far Hangar Site in Hal Far, Malta, on 20 August, 2012.<br />
<br />
The Hangar Open Center is a field with an ex-aircraft hangar which, until 2011, included Swiss Red Cross tents in a dark, non lit space in very poor conditions and with inflamable oil on the floor. Today, the hangar is closed and the migrants live in 34 external containers with no water. <br />
<br />
The Open Centres in Malta serve as a temporary accomodation facility, but they ended becoming permanent accomodation centres, except for those immigrants who receive subsidiary protection or refugee status and that are sent to countries such as the United States, Germany, Poland, and others. All immigrants who enter in Malta illegally are detained. Upon arrival to Malta, irregular migrants and asylum seekers are sent to one of three dedicated immigration detention facilities. Once apprehended by the authorities, immigrants remain in detention even after they apply for refugee status. detention lasts as long as it takes for asylum claims to be determined. This usually takes months; asylum seekers often wait five to 10 months for their first interview with the Refugee Commissioner. Asylum seekers may be detained for up to 12 months: at this point, if their claim is still pending, they are released and transferred to an Open Center.<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20120820_NYT_Malta__MG_7512.jpg
  • PALERMO, ITALY - 16 JANUARY 2019: Alessandra Sciurba (39, center) and Rosa Guida (center-right), activists working for CLEDU - Legal Clinic for Human Rights of the University of Palermo, give advice to Bangaldeshi migrants in Palermo, Italy, on January 16th 2019. In Italy, legal clinics are an initiative in jurisprudence universities to allow students to practice law while by  offering a free legal counseling service promoting social justice, including working with migrants.<br />
<br />
The historic market Ballarò of Palermo, in the neighbourhood known as Albergheria, is the oldest and biggest among the markets of the city.<br />
For about half a century, after World War II, Ballarò was increasingly depopulated as families moved to airier suburbs. Today there are over 14 ethnicities in Ballarò and more than 25 languages spoken: migrant communities, students, professionals, historic merchants and new entrepreneurs coexist.
    CIPG_20190116_NYT_Palermo_M3_8134.jpg
  • ROME, ITALY - 27 AUGUST 2016: A sister opens the door of the accommodation center ran by the Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity, the religious congregation founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, at San Gregorio al Celio in Rome, Italy, on August 27th 2016.<br />
<br />
Mother Teresa, also known as Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, whose members must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, as well as the vow to give wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor. Shortly after she died in 1997, Pope John Paul II waived the usual five-year waiting period and allowed the opening of the process to declare her sainthood. She was beatified in 2003. A second miracle was credited to her intercession by Pope Francis, in December 2015, paving the way for her to be recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her canonisation is scheduled for September 4th 2016, a day before the 19th anniversary of her death.
    CIPG_20160827_INYT_MotherTeresa_5M3_...jpg
  • ATTENTION: THIS IS A RESCUE SIMULATION THE MALTESE FORCES ORGANIZED FOR MY NYT SHOOT - NOT REAL. VALLETTA, MALTA - JUNE 22:  A rescue simulation of man overboard is undertaken by the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta with a patrolboat and rigid inflatable boat near the military port of Marsamxett Harbour in Valetta, Malta on June 22, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110622_NYT_MALTA__MG_1594.jpg
  • ATTENTION: THIS IS A RESCUE SIMULATION THE MALTESE FORCES ORGANIZED FOR MY NYT SHOOT - NOT REAL. VALLETTA, MALTA - JUNE 22:  A rescue simulation of man overboard is undertaken by the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta with a patrolboat and rigid inflatable boat near the military port of Marsamxett Harbour in Valetta, Malta on June 22, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110622_NYT_MALTA__MG_1561.jpg
  • ATTENTION: THIS IS A RESCUE SIMULATION THE MALTESE FORCES ORGANIZED FOR MY NYT SHOOT - NOT REAL. VALLETTA, MALTA - JUNE 22:  A rescue simulation of man overboard is undertaken by the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta with a patrolboat and rigid inflatable boat near the military port of Marsamxett Harbour in Valetta, Malta on June 22, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110622_NYT_MALTA__MG_1359.jpg
  • ATTENTION: THIS IS A RESCUE SIMULATION THE MALTESE FORCES ORGANIZED FOR MY NYT SHOOT - NOT REAL. VALLETTA, MALTA - JUNE 22:  A rescue simulation of man overboard is undertaken by the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta with a patrolboat and rigid inflatable boat near the military port of Marsamxett Harbour in Valetta, Malta on June 22, 2011. The Rescue Coordination Center receives information about boats and vessels movements as well as SOS requests in the Maltese waters and the SAR (Search and Rescue) waters. Malta's competence of coordination of the SAR waters is 25,000 square nautical miles, which also includes the Italian island of Lampedusa. The vast Maltese SAR waters correspond to the Maltese Flight Information Region (FIR).<br />
<br />
Gianni Cipriano for The New York Times
    CIPG_20110622_NYT_MALTA__MG_1349.jpg
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